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Listán negro
Listán negro (also known as Listan Prieto) is a red Spanish wine grape variety that is widely planted in the Canary Islands, particularly on the island of Tenerife where it is a permitted variety in the ''Denominaciones de Origen'' (DO) wines of Tacoronte-Acentejo, Valle de la Orotava, Ycoden-Daute-Isora and Valle de Güímar. It is also permitted in the Spanish wine regions of El Hierro, Gran Canaria, La Gomera, La Palma, Lanzarote.〔T. Stevenson ''"The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia"'', pp. 306–311 Dorling Kindersley 2005 ISBN 0-7566-1324-8〕 Across the Canary Islands more than are planted to the variety.〔J. Robinson ''Jancis Robinson's Guide to Wine Grapes'', pp. 97 & 111 Oxford University Press 1996 ISBN 0-19-860098-4〕 Listán negro is the black-skin version of the Palomino grape (Listan Blanco) that used in the production of the fortified wine Sherry.〔Oz Clarke ''Encyclopedia of Grapes'', p. 117 Harcourt Books 2001 ISBN 0-15-100714-4〕
In 2007, DNA fingerprinting done by the Centro Nacional de Biotecnología in Madrid, Spain discovered that Mission grape that was widely planted in the earliest New World vineyards in the America was a genetic match to Listán negro. Despite the genetic match, there is enough clonal variation that has occurred over the centuries of geographical separation that the Mission grape of the Americas and the Listán negro grape of the Canary Islands are classified by the Vitis International Variety Catalogue as two separate grape varieties.〔VIVC ''"(Mission entry )"'' Accessed: December 27th, 2010〕〔VIVC ''"(Listan negro )"'' Accessed: December 27th, 2010〕 Part of the variation is likely because some of earliest plantings by the Spanish missionaries were from grape seeds〔A. Bespaloff ''Complete Guide to Wine'', pp. 191–194 Penguin Books 1994 ISBN 0-451-18169-7〕 which are the result of pollination and sexual propagation and thus more likely to have slight differences from the parent vine than propagation through cuttings.〔J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition, p. 729 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6〕
==History==
Listán negro was widely planted in the Castile region, where it was known as Listan Prieto, during the 16th century. Settlers to the Canary Island brought the vine with them and eventually it made its way to the Spanish colonies in Mexico and Peru.〔 From there, the grape spread throughout North and South America where it develop clonal variations that became grape varieties that are now known as Mission in California and Mexico, Pais in Chile and Criolla Chica in Argentina.〔
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